The Manual Transmission System

The manual(a) of arms Transmission SystemIn this report, I am going to compargon and contrast the difference surrounded by Toyota 5 hie manual appurtenance niche contagion and Toyota 5 speed self-loading contagion automobilecass.2. History of the transmittingIn 1894 Louis-Rene Pan laboured and Emile Levassor invented the modern contagious disease system system. directly we still use the kindred c erstpt since it was introduced. The concept is still the same that the crank prick connects from the locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotive engine to the contagion shaft finished upon). The latter is mounted to hobot overs which watch and operate the transmission of the motion that is plan of attack from the engine to the wheels. Few experiments pick out been d single close type and numbers of railroad trains but still until at once the same concept is applied. To make it easier for the driver to control speed and with swear out of hawks, synchro ignition interlock railroad trains and a live rear axle were invented. Instead of having strings engage and adjourn over again from each some other(a), a gondola transmission that had adapts and continuous with each other was introduced, all the skys were pitiable and the dog usurp was designed in devote to connect the strings that ar cause to rotate by engine and flex the wheels forward. several(predicate) gears with diverse sizes are designed to increase or decrease the impulse of the fomite. The approximately popular transmissions were 4 speed transmissions which its top gear (4th) had a ratio of 11 small-arm other gears had glare ratios. Then, engineers came with a 5th gear in which will increase the ratio by 1 amidst the engine rpm and the wheel rpm that is cognize as overdrive.Ameri digest inventors Harold Sinclair and Ric serious Spikes designed unbidden transmission fleck German inventors invented the automatic transmission rudimentary design. dapple Gene ral Motors provided automatic transmission in all of their cars that were manufactured from 1938 and by the end of 1940s virtually of the car manufactures offered at least one transmission in their models. galvanic cars in whatsoever cocktail dress fitted with electric car transmission. Now the market for automatic transmission is huge and most cars are manufactured with it (Car transmission, 2006)3. machine-controlled transmission frameThis is the type of transmission that is capable of ever- changing the gear ratios automatically while the fomite is moving without the need of the driver to manually change the gear using the gear stick. The main purpose of the transmission is to provide the side by side(p) outcomeNeutral to keep the engine running without the gear, or moving the fomite.Lower gears for taking off purpose and for operating in heavier space. high gears for cruising, higher speed and lighter weightReverse gear to move the vehicle backwards.Transferring the driving torque to the required wheels (Crolla, D, 2009, p, 109)The automatic transmission comes into twain antithetic types. The front wheel drives vehicles that are designed more than abbreviate than rear wheel drive vehicles transmissions that are normally affiliated in the engine compartment in which they are known as transaxle. Both of these types of transmission do the same job and same design of the planetary gear train.The essential part for the front wheel drive transmission is derived function, while the rear wheel drive transmission has externally mounted differential which is uses the drive shaft to link up with the transmission.The automatic transmission system contains few major components. These arePlanetary gear unit of measurement torque converterHydraulic control unitSeals and gasketCom typeseterGovernor/ modulatorThe higher up six components perform various duties in transmission as explained to a lower place (Toyota technical training).Planetary gear u nitThe purpose of planetary gear unit is to provide and changing different gear ratios. Generally, the planetary gear unit contains cardinal major parts. These are ring gear, inner gear (sun gear) and planetary carrier that carries three or four gears which are between the inner gear and outer ring gear.Planetary gear unitWhen one part of the planetary gear connects to the gossip shaft which leads to the engine, the hour part is held still and the third part unremarkably attached to the take shaft. It all depends on which part stays still, which one is the input or output because it will result in different gear ratios. Things such(prenominal) as brake bands, hydraulic conquer packs and one way get hold of are employ in the planetary gear to control the agency flow. E rattling gear links up to a combination of passel packs and bake bands being engaged or disengaged (Samarins.com)Torque converterIs a nomadic type coupling, that lets the engine to rotate freely without the help from the transmission, if the engine is running slowly, idling or on the stop traffic, on that point is a small measuring of torque that is passed via torque converter, less(prenominal) shove is similarly required on the brake bike to keep the car stationary. as well as when you put more pressure on the gas pedal, it speeds up and adds more fluid into the torque converter which causes the wheels to receive more torque.The torque converter housing contains five major components. Pump is incured to housing, turbine that is connected through output shaft to transmission, stator has output that is connected to fixed shaft in transmission, fluid and converter clutch. This housing is attached to the engines flywheel and rotates and at any speed that the engine is spinning. The torque converter also has pumps that is made up of fins and are attached to the housing that uses the same speed as engine to turn.Centrifugal type pump is used inside the torque converter, as it rotates it causes the fluid to be thrown outside and this action acquires the vacuum that draws a lot of fluid in at the centre. Once the fluid arrives in the blades of the turbine, the transmission begins to rotate and this causes the car to move, the turbines blades are curved and this makes the fluid that is coming from the outside to go into different way before it goes to the centre of the turbine, this changing of direction is the one that causes the turbine to spin. In other way we earth-closet put that both turbine and the fluid spin in different direction and this creates the vehemence as an outcome. This fluid that exists from the turbine is communally moving into different direction as the pump and engine turn, because if the fluid hits the pump directly, it may cause the engine to waste power or slow it down and that is why thither is a stator in the torque converter (Builders transmission and used car Inc.).Hydraulic control unitA transmission fluid is sent using the engi ne oil pump that controls the performance of the car clutches that helps the planetary gear sets to fail smoothly.Seals and gasketTheir work is to support and defend the right place of the engine oil and stop it from leaking outside.Governor / ModulatorThis controls and monitors gunman position and the speed of the car to determine when to change the gears.ComputerThis is the major unit that uses sensors to control all the activities such as engine speed, engine load, throttle position, brake pedal position etc. (Carazoo, 2010)4. MaterialsThe materials that are used to build clutch or transmission exact to resist heat, skirmish, durable, strong, hard and tough. These materials are organic, Kevlar, segmented Kevlar, hybrid carbon, ceramic and sintered iron (UUC Motorwerks, 2003)5. Advantages of automatic transmission systemThe torque converter gives more engine torques and reduces the assay and the shock of the entire drive line. A lock up clutch is included in the latest autom atic transmission, this helps in maximizing the burn prudence because of its direct mechanical linkage from the engine to the transmission. A vehicle with automatic transmission is very comfortable and easy to drive as the driver does not need to manually change the gear ratios.Automatic transmission house also be powerful and strong because of the administration of the sun gear and ring gear, this increase the gears contacts that reduces the gears breakage and supplies more torque on big area (Rowe, R. 2010)6. Disadvantages of automatic transmissionSince the automatic transmission is made up of several components, the main setback skunk chance when single part breaks down working and this bay window cause a transmission to stop working, as a result maintaining or altering it can be very expensive. Also the total speed of the vehicle is controlled by the computer that manages the transmission, and the driver can lose the acceleration beyond a certain speed.Automatic transmis sion can overheat easily.7. Manual transmission systemThis is the type of transmission in which the driver has to manually change the gear ratio setting by using the gear stick inside the car. in that respect are two types of manual transmissions. The eonian mesh design and the sliding gear type. The sliding-gear type, no part is go inside the transmission case except the main drive gear and cluster gear when the transmission is in neutral. In order to mesh the gears and apply engine power to move the vehicle, the driver pushes the clutch pedal and moves the shift knob, which shifts a linkage and forks to slide a gear on the main shaft that is connected straight above the cluster. Once the gears are meshed, the clutch pedal is released and the power from the engine is sent to the drive wheels. thither can be different gears on the main shaft of different diameters and tooth counts, and the transmission shift linkage is designed so the driver has to unmesh one gear before being ab le to mesh another. With these older transmissions, gear run into is a problem because the gears are all rotating at different speed (Cook, M. 2009)The 5 speed manual transmission gear box has a three plane arrangement order with abrogate gear alongside fifth gear and uses a special fluid to operate. pitiful forks are attached to three wide base rails that work in arranged bushing for less clang, these moving prys are connected in concert to the shifting cables. Every one of them uses different way with selected lever and this creates less shifting efforts for a driver, it also avoids to accidentally engaging the reverse gear from fifth because of the way it is designed to operate, it shifts the crossover lever into three to four gear without jamming or binding.The shift knob is usually used to control the gear ratios. The forward gear ratios are synchronised using great capacity dual cone brass (1st and 2nd) and other gears are synchronized with paper friction materials which i s more strong and clash resistant than brass. The input shaft uses paper materials synchronizers, by cutting rotating inactivity it helps to reduce the shifting effort. A reverse engagement clash can be minimised by using a brake machine.The needle crimper bearings are fixed to reduce friction and extend gear life. The case itself is cast in only two pieces to reduce leak paths structural ribs strengthen and harden the case to reduce noise and vibration with small or no extra weight. The case has veracious bending stiffness, religious offering a natural frequency above the exciting frequency of the engine at peak rpm (Massey, K. 2010)8. keep systemA manual transmission system will not function without a clutch. This is the mechanism that is used for transmitting rotation that can be engaged and disengaged. This is controlled by the driver who uses a special release mechanism to control the sweat of the torque between them.The clutch prevaricationA single dish antenna clutch assembly contains four major partsthe rear heart of the flywheel- a driving memberthe clutch disc- the driven memberthe pressure plate assembly-a driving memberthe release mechanism-disengages and engages the clutch(May, E. 2004. p,250)8.1 Types of clutchesMultidisc clutch that contain two or more disc are usually used in automatic transmission, motor cycles and heavy mechanical equipment. While the manual transmission is operated using a dry clutch and in that location is no lubrication between surfaces. The automatic transmission clutch operates wet, it is enclosed in the transmission case that is full of lubrication fluid.Generally, in automatic transmission at that place is no clutch pedal and a gear shift (Roymech, 2010)(Genta Morello, 2009 p, 425)There are so many different types of clutches such as cone clutches, wet clutches and dry clutches but the common one uses one or more friction discs that are pushed very tight together or against the fly wheel using a spring. A C lutch contains two rotating shafts, one is operated using pulley and the other one uses a different method, these two shafts are connected together by the clutch so that they can be locked together and rotating at the same time while it engages, or be decoupled and rotate at different speed while it disengages. The input shaft is used at the centre of the pressure to engage the splines of the friction disc hub. The clutch and flywheel assembly spinning as one unit when the engine is rotating. The flywheel is receiving the torque from the engine, uses the friction that is occurring from the clutch discs to the spline hub into the transmission. When the clutch pedal is moved, it manages and controls the movement of the torque between two units. The pressure plate can be retracted against the springs stuff and frees the disc from its clamping action by depressing the pedal. These two units and clamping force can be connected again by releasing the pedal once again.This is a very impor tant mechanism whenEngaging the transmission into gear, the input shaft from the transmission must be disengaged from the engine.The pedal is released slowly, it provides a moderate engagement of the drive, as the facings slips of the friction slip, and this lets the torque to be applied forever until these two units are connected very tightly.Choosing different ratio, changing gears when the vehicle is moving, for this to happen, the engine torque from the transmission must be interrupted.The disengaged of the transmission that causes the vehicle to stop and let the engine run at idling speed.The co-efficient of friction between the friction facings and their mating surfaces, the total spring force and the amount of facings in contact can decide the torque that is transferred by the clutch. If you need to increase the torque capacity, the diameter of the clutch needs to be change magnitude and this will cause the spring force to increase. Multi plate clutch can be made by havin g two or more clutch plates as well as increasing the number of facings and torque capacity. They are useful where by reducing the diameter is beneficial or where by increasing the spring strength is undesirable. (CDX online eTextbook).9. Advantages of manual transmission systemThe manual transmission vehicles are usually cheaper and good in maintenance liken to the automatic ones, this is because changing of the fluid can be very less, also when it breaks down it is more than likely that the clutch needs to be replaced and this can save you a lot from buying a new or second hand transmission.It gives better control because of the faster shift response, this is generally due to the bad weather. They can as well be good in braking because the driver is not fighting the effort of the automatic transmission to move forward. It can be good is terms of fuel economy because you can shift the gear into neutral and avoiding driving in lower gears.A skilled driver at shifting gears will ha ve a better traction in snowy, muddy or slipping conditions and might as well be easier to get of the dangerous situation than automatic one. Manual transmission is also lighter in weight.And there is a fun point of view in driving manual because it keeps you active and keeps you aware of what is going on around you (Moore, S. 2010)10. Disadvantages of manual transmission systemDriving manual car in traffic can be very pain full especially when there is a stop start driving, automatic cars are more comfortable in this case.It is very unlikely to find a manual transmission car with a cruise control. Most car now are make in automatic transmission so there is less availableness of cars with manual transmission as well as the difficulties in study how to drive manual transmission cars.11. Report SummaryThis has been a roaring report and I have researched a lot of information about this topic. Indeed I have acquired a lot transmission system. hither are some few pointed aligned belo wHistory of the transmissionWhat is automatic transmission systemMajor components of the automatic transmission and how they workAdvantages and disadvantages of automatic transmission systemWhat is manual transmission systemClutch assembly and clutch components and how they workAdvantages and disadvantages of manual transmission system12. Conclusions jibe to my understanding in the report, it shows the main difference between automatic transmission and manual transmission is that automatic transmission uses torque converter to create power while manual transmission uses clutch to engage and disengage the gears. Also automatic cars are in very high demanding since most of the components are controlled by computers now in the car. It also shows that once the automatic transmission breaks it can be very hard and complicated to fix it and this may end up in replacing the whole transmission. In terms of manual gear box, the report shows they are very hard to break or die as well as less maintenance too, this is one of the best things in manual transmission because it can last for long time without anything happen.From my point of view I would evermore recommend to go for manual car if you enjoy the gear changing ration as I do.