Slavery in Latin America Essay -- Latin American History Slavery Essay

Slavery in Latin America chilly History Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th cent., the Araucanians had pertinacious been in control of the land in the southern part of the neighbourhood in the north, the inhabitants were ruled by the Inca empire. Diego de Almagro, who was sent by Francisco Pizarro from Peru to explore the southern region, led a party of men through the Andes into the central lowlands of chilli pepper but was un winning (1536) in establishing a foothold there. In 1540, Pedro de Valdivia marched into chilli and, despite stout resistance from the Araucanians, founded Santiago (1541) and later established La Serena, Concepcin, and Valdivia. After an initial occlusive of incessant warfare with the natives, the Spanish succeeded in subjugating the endemic population.Although Chile was unattractive to the Spanish because of its isolation from Peru to the north and its lose of precious metals (copper was disc overed much later), the Spanish developed a co arse society there based on large ranches and haciendas worked by indigenous people the yields were shipped to Peru. During the long colonial era, the mestizos became a tenant farmer class, called inquilinos although technically free, most were in practice bound to the soil.During most of the colonial period Chile was a captaincy general dependent upon the viceroyalty of Peru, but in 1778 it became a separate division virtually independent of Peru. Territorial limits were dim and were the cause, after independence, of long-drawn-out boundary disputes with Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. The movement toward independence began in 1810 under the leaders of Juan Martnez de Rozas and Bernardo OHiggins. The first phase (1810-14) terminate in defeat at Rancagua, largely because of the rivalry of OHiggins with Jos Miguel Carrera and his brothers. In 1817, Jos de San Martn, with incredible hardship, brought an army over the Andes from Argentina to Chile. The following year he won the decisiv e contest of Maip over the Spaniards.The New Nation OHiggins, who had been chosen supreme director, formally proclaimed Chiles independence Feb. 12, 1818, at Talca and established a military autocracy that characterized the republics government until 1833 OHiggins ruled Chile from 1818 until 1823, when strong opposition to his policies forced him to resign. During this time the Britis... ... an develop country met with little success, although great personal fortunes were amassed from tin mining by tycoons such as Simn I. Patio.Conflicting claims to the Chaco, which was thought to be oil-rich, brought on yet another disastrous territorial war, this time with Paraguay (1932-35). The fighting ended in 1935 with both nations exhausted and Bolivia defeated and stripped of most of its claims in that area. Programs for curing the ills of the nation were hampered by military coups and countercoups. World War II proved a boon to the Bolivian economy by increase demands for tin and wolf ramite. International pressure over pro-German elements in the government in conclusion forced Bolivia to break relations with the Axis and declare war (1943). emerging prices aggravated the restiveness of the miners over miserable working conditions strikes were brutally suppressed. The crisis reached a peak in Dec., 1943, when the nationalistic, pro-miner National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) engineered a successful revolt. The regime, however, was not recognized by other American nations (except Argentina) until 1944, when pro-Axis elements in the MNR were officially removed.