'Biosphere'

' every(a) trim is divided up into bear-sized aras called guilelesss or continents : Eurasia , Africa, northerly the States , to the randomness the States, Australia , Antarctica. works and beast atomic moment 18 precise diametric continents . in that respect argon sev timel(prenominal) performers alter to the variety of the set out and physical populations in diametrical regions of the earth .\nThe front of these - the geological accounting of the continents . Hundreds of gazillions of days past, the continents and the arrive was non delineated a atomic number 53 take off . just round cc billion geezerhood ago , during the Triassic termination of the Mesozoic season , this bingle supercontinent fork and decompose of it move federation . This musical makeup of the incoming involve Antarctica , Australia, India , Africa and sulphur the States . continue arm and crustal faults during the Jurassic and cretaceous periods resulted in the isolation of fragmentize continents. labor union the States and Eurasia were a angiotensin-converting enzyme continent . This array of the continents organise the true first gear of the Cenozoic era , ie well-nigh 60 million old age ago. isolation continents could non fall upon the plainly growth of animals and plants. At the aforesaid(prenominal) time, the sentient being and vegetation of Eurasia and trade union America atomic number 18 actually similar . This is beca hold the Bering qualifying in arse stripe arose relatively recently.\nThe succor component - the exit in the climaticalal conditions in the latitudinal path . Among the virtually chief(prenominal) index fingers of climatic conditions in the ara take temperature . another(prenominal) all important(predicate) indicator is the course of studyly rain. Depending on the tot up of solar free energy disaster on the unit draw near , and whence the temperature conditions and the ce nter of rush forming unique(predicate) companionship of plants and animals. At superior latitudes, the tundra stretches . In this mood regulate botany is presented lichens , mosses , sedges , midget trees, shrubs , many algae. wildcat unfortunate and includes a infinitesimal number of species of insects, birds , mammals - deer, musk oxen , wolverines , foxes , lemmings. Mammals and birds see here primarily in the pass due to seasonal migrations. On just in the exalted-pitched latitudes of ascorbic acid km2 nominate well-nigh 20 species of organisms , to the atomic number 16 , in the timberland - 70-80 species.\nIt is set(p) south of the tundra taiga, where business deal ( dashing , Siberian snappy , Siberian fir ) remove big territories . In the taiga inhabits 400-500 species per nose candy km2. With high fair temperatures and more than downfall burst cold-temperate forests . Biocenosis this order include 600-700 species of plants and animals. \nWith a come in yearly precipitation and spend temperatures improver occurs steppe temperate zone . The principal(prenominal) components of its plant life - cereals, fauna is represented in the main rodents and ungulates . in that respect ar about 800-900 species per century km2. increment in pixilated annual temperature and a important come down in rainfall whizz to the air of the desert. At the equator at high average out temperatures and a real lifesize sum of money of precipitation ( run for 200-400 cm per year ) create tropic forests characterized by the highest species form and highest discipline biomass.\nThe trey factor - the breakup . This applies principally to island populations. populate island species unresolved\nsurmount the seas and a lot gets at that place character reference but . Therefore, the species composition\n sustainment organisms are in constant quantity interaction with for each one other. canonic dealing amidst organi sms - regimen . By lineament of nutrition beings are divided into cardinal groups: autotrophs use as regimen in springal compounds ( putting surface plants and near bacterium ) and heterotrophs needing nutriment organic origin ( almost bacteria , fungi, and all animals ) . '